1/6/2023 0 Comments Spss 16 student edition![]() ![]() 15 16 17ĭespite a lack of solid physiological justification for studying 2D:4D, an abundance of studies claim that this anthropometric remnant of the prenatal hormonal environment relates to risk of disease in adulthood (that is, cancers 18 and cardiometabolic disease 19 20 21), age of onset, prognosis, and treatment options. ![]() 11 12 However, little evidence supports this hypothesis in humans, 13 14 because prospective studies have reported a lack of consistent associations between androgen concentrations in the amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood and 2D:4D in childhood and adulthood. 10 Variations in 2D:4D are also speculated to be rooted in genetic polymorphisms that influence testosterone metabolism and sensitivity. 6 7 8 9 These studies generally postulate that a lower 2D:4D reflects greater testosterone exposure (or greater testosterone-to-estrogen ratio), which accounts for men having lower 2D:4D than women. ![]() The digit ratio is often claimed to be a surrogate for prenatal androgen exposure, based on cross sectional human studies and experimental animal studies. The ratio between the length of the second and fourth digit, referred to as the 2D:4D digit ratio (2D:4D) has received considerable attention in the scientific community ( fig 1) and mainstream media 1 2 3 4 5 because of its apparent association with health and behavior.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |